(_a_) Are the antecedent conditions such as would make the allegation probable?

(Character and opportunities of the accused, for example.)

 

(_b_) Are the signs that point to the inference either clear or numerous enough

to warrant its acceptance as fact?

 

(_c_) Are the signs cumulative, and agreeable one with the other?

 

(_d_) Could the signs be made to point to a contrary conclusion?

 

5. _Syllogisms_

 

(_a_) Have any steps been omitted in the syllogisms? (Such as in a syllogism _in

enthymeme_.) If so, test any such by filling out the syllogisms.

 

(_b_) Have you been guilty of stating a conclusion that really does not follow?

(A _non sequitur_.)

 

(_c_) Can your syllogism be reduced to an absurdity? (_Reductio ad absurdum._)

 

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

 

1. Show why an unsupported assertion is not an argument.

 

2. Illustrate how an irrelevant fact may be made to seem to support an argument.